PDL1-SPIO nanoparticles can specifically target with expression as confirmed through MRI analysis.
Lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles reduce nonspecific binding and prevent agglomeration, making them effective for molecular MRI diagnosis.
PD-L1 is identified as a poor prognostic factor in glioblastoma patients, particularly in recurrent cases resistant to temozolomide.
The conjugation of PD-L1 antibodies to SPIO nanoparticles enables the detection of PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma cells.
Specific binding of PDL1-SPIO to the PD-L1 of the mouse glioblastoma cell line (GL261) was observed.
The presence of PDL1-SPIO in tumor tissue was confirmed through Prussian blue staining and in vivo MRI analysis.
Simplified
PURPOSE: Targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are a promising tool for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis. Lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles have a nonfouling property that can reduce nonspecific binding to off-target cells and prevent agglomeration, making them suitable contrast agents for molecular MRI diagnosis. is a poor prognostic factor for patients with glioblastoma. Most recurrent glioblastomas are temozolomide resistant. Diagnostic probes targeting PD-L1 could facilitate early diagnosis and be used to predict responses to targeted PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with primary or recurrent glioblastoma. We conjugated lipid-coated SPIO nanoparticles with PD-L1 antibodies to identify PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma or by using MRI.
METHODS: The synthesized PD-L1 antibody-conjugated SPIO (PDL1-SPIO) nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential assays, transmission electron microscopy images, Prussian blue assay, in vitro cell affinity assay, and animal MRI analysis.
RESULTS: PDL1-SPIO exhibited a specific binding capacity to PD-L1 of the mouse glioblastoma cell line (GL261). The presence and quantity of PDL1-SPIO in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells and tumor tissue were confirmed through Prussian blue staining and in vivo T2* map MRI, respectively.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that PDL1-SPIO can specifically target temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma with PD-L1 expression in the brain and can be quantified through MRI analysis, thus making it suitable for the diagnosis of PD-L1 expression in temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma in vivo.
Key numbers
0.09 μg of antibody/μg of SPIO
Antibody Density
Concentration of antibody linked to SPIO nanoparticles.
92.4 ms at 0.98 μg/mL, decreased to 22.9 ms at 15.7 μg/mL
T2 Relaxation Time Reduction
T2 relaxation times of PDL1-SPIO at different iron concentrations.
4 h post-injection
In Vivo MRI Detection Time
Time point for maximum imaging clarity in tumor-bearing mice.
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