Peanuts as a nighttime snack enrich butyrate-producing bacteria compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate snack in adults with elevated fasting glucose: A randomized crossover trial

Sep 6, 2022Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

Peanuts as a nighttime snack increase butyrate-producing gut bacteria compared to a lower-fat, higher-carb snack in adults with high fasting blood sugar

AI simplified

Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Consumption of 28 g/d of peanuts for 6 weeks was associated with a significant increase in the abundance of Ruminococcaceae.

Peanut intake did not lead to differences in overall gut microbial diversity compared to the lower-fat higher-carbohydrate snack.
Ruminococcaceae, a family of bacteria linked to beneficial gut functions, showed increased abundance following peanut consumption.
Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed heightened expression of the K03518 gene, which is associated with butyrate production, after peanut intake.
The findings indicate that peanut consumption may modulate gut microbiota composition and influence metabolic processes.

AI simplified

BACKGROUND: Tree nuts have glucoregulatory effects and influence gut microbiota composition. The effect of peanuts on the microbiota has not been investigated.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to examine the effect of 28 g/d of peanuts for 6-wks, compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate (LFHC) snack, on gut microbiota composition. A secondary aim was to identify functional and active compositional differences in a subset of participants using metatranscriptomics.

METHODS: In a randomized, crossover trial, 50 adults (48% female; 42 ± 15 y; BMI 28.3 ± 5.6 kg/m; plasma glucose 100 ± 8 mg/dL) consumed 28 g/d of dry roasted, unsalted, peanuts (164 kcal; 11% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, 73% E fat, and 2.4 g fiber) or a LFHC snack (164 kcal; 53% E carbohydrate, 17% E protein, 33% E fat, and 3 g fiber) for 6-wk (4-wk washout period). Gut bacterial composition was measured using 16S rRNA sequencing in the whole cohort. Exploratory metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted on a random subset (n = 24) of samples from the Peanut condition. 2

RESULTS: No between-condition differences in α- or β- diversity were observed. Following peanut intake, Ruminococcaceae were significantly more abundant [Linear discriminant analysis score (LDA) = 2.8; P = 0.027)] compared to LFHC. Metatranscriptomics showed increased expression of the K03518 (aerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase small subunit) gene following peanut intake (LDA = 2.0; P = 0.004) and Roseburia intestinalis L1-82 was identified as a contributor to the increased expression.

CONCLUSION: An increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae was observed following consumption of 28 g/d of peanuts in adults with elevated fasting glucose after 6-wks. Metatranscriptomics revealed increased expression of the K03518 gene. These results suggest peanut intake enriches a known butyrate producer and the increased expression of a gene implicated in butyrate production adds further support for peanut-induced gut microbiome modulation. NCT: 03654651.

Full Text

Full text is available at the source.

View full text (XML) ↗View full text ↗

Peanuts as a nighttime snack enrich butyrate-producing bacteria compared to an isocaloric lower-fat higher-carbohydrate snack in adults with elevated fasting glucose: A randomized crossover trial

Abstract

Full Text

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Recent issues from the circadian biology brief

Abstract

Full Text

Related papers

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Recent issues from the circadian biology brief