Frontiers in immunology

Blood immune signals during early and later stages of COVID-19 are linked to how severe the disease is and long-term symptoms

Long Covid Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗OA ↗

Updated

Abstract

Changes in peripheral blood cytokines over time may predict both acute outcomes and long COVID symptoms in U.S. Veterans.

  • U.S. Veterans experience a high burden of COVID-19.
  • Characterizing immune responses associated with COVID-19 outcomes could help improve treatment.
  • Peripheral blood cytokines may be linked to acute COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Cytokine changes could also be associated with long COVID symptoms.

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Funding

Competing interests

The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author JS declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.
PubMed

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