Prebiotic milk oligosaccharides prevent development of obese phenotype, impairment of gut permeability, and microbial dysbiosis in high fat-fed mice

Mar 11, 2017American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology

Prebiotic milk sugars may prevent obesity, gut leakiness, and harmful gut bacteria in mice fed a high-fat diet

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Abstract

Supplementation with bovine milk oligosaccharides significantly reduced weight gain and adiposity in mice on a high-fat diet.

Prebiotic milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and inulin were tested for their effects on gut health and obesity in mice.
BMO supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in caloric intake compared to a high-fat diet alone.
Both BMO and inulin completely prevented the increase in intestinal permeability caused by the high-fat diet.
Only BMO supplementation showed a significant decrease in weight gain and adiposity among the tested groups.
Inulin altered the diversity of gut microbes, leading to decreased species richness, while BMO increased the abundance of beneficial microbes.

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Microbial dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability are targets for prevention or reversal of weight gain in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO). Prebiotic milk oligosaccharides (MO) have been shown to benefit the host intestine but have not been used in DIO. We hypothesized that supplementation with bovine MO would prevent the deleterious effect of HF diet on the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability and attenuate development of the obese phenotype. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet, HF (40% fat/kcal), or HF + prebiotic [6%/kg bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) or inulin] for 1, 3, or 6 wk. Gut microbiota and intestinal permeability were assessed in the ileum, cecum, and colon. Addition of BMO to the HF diet significantly attenuated weight gain, decreased adiposity, and decreased caloric intake; inulin supplementation also lowered weight gain and adiposity, but this did not reach significance. BMO and inulin completely abolished the HF diet-induced increase in paracellular and transcellular permeability in the small and large intestine. Both BMO and inulin increased abundance of beneficial microbesandin the ileum. However, inulin supplementation altered phylogenetic diversity and decreased species richness. We conclude that addition of BMO to the HF diet completely prevented increases in intestinal permeability and microbial dysbiosis and was partially effective to prevent weight gain in DIO.This study provides the first report of the effects of prebiotic bovine milk oligosaccharides on the host phenotype of high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus NEW & NOTEWORTHY

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Prebiotic milk oligosaccharides prevent development of obese phenotype, impairment of gut permeability, and microbial dysbiosis in high fat-fed mice

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