Journal of affective disordersMay 7, 2017

Unstable jobs linked to depression and thoughts of suicide in working adults

Circadian Biology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Apr 2, 2026

Abstract

Precarious employment is significantly associated with depressive mood among 6,266 adult wage workers.

Adult wage workers in precarious employment showed higher rates of depressive mood compared to those in stable jobs.
Socioeconomic factors such as age, gender, education level, marital status, household income, and occupation type were linked to both depressive mood and suicidal ideation.
Possible moderating effects were observed, with gender and household income influencing the relationship between precarious employment and suicidal thoughts.
Suicidal ideation was specifically associated with precarious work in male workers and those with low or middle-lower income levels.
The study's cross-sectional design limits the ability to determine causal relationships between precarious employment and mental health outcomes.

Simplified

BACKGROUND: Precarious employment is one of the most important indicators of social disadvantage and is associated with poor mental health. This study aimed to investigate the association of precarious employment with depressive mood and suicidal ideation in adult wage workers, and the possible mediating or moderating effect of socioeconomic factors in the association between precarious work and mental health status.

METHOD: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) conducted between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. Among the 24,173 participants, 6266 adult wage workers (3206 precarious and 3060 non-precarious workers) aged ≥19 years were included. Socioeconomic and health-related characteristics as well as depressive mood and suicidal ideation were investigated.

RESULTS: Precarious employment was significantly associated with depressive mood in the logistic regression analyses adjusting for all potential confounding factors as covariates. The socioeconomic variables including age, gender, education level, marital status, household income, and occupation type were significantly related with depressive mood and suicidal ideation in adult wage workers. We also found that gender and household income had possible moderating effects on the association between precarious employment and suicidal ideation. Precarious work was associated with suicidal ideation only for male workers and worker with low or middle-lower income levels.

LIMITATIONS: Our study is based on a cross-sectional design, thus, we could not elucidate the causal relationship between the variables.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that precarious employment plays a pivotal role in the mental health status of adult wage workers.

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Unstable jobs linked to depression and thoughts of suicide in working adults

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