Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report

Healthy individuals show higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep.

• Loss of the blood pressure circadian rhythm may be linked to negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and dementia.
• Current diagnostic and treatment methods often overlook the importance of blood pressure's circadian patterns.
• Factors such as sleep, hormone levels, diet, and body temperature are associated with circadian rhythms that can affect blood pressure.
• Nonpharmacologic interventions like meal timing and pharmacologic approaches such as nighttime antihypertensive medication have been suggested to optimize blood pressure control.
• The underlying mechanisms of how circadian rhythms regulate blood pressure and the effectiveness of these treatment strategies are still not fully understood.

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