How common depression symptoms are and what affects them in older adults living alone in China

The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms among empty-nest elderly is 40.2%.

• Higher education, having a spouse, and living in urban areas are associated with lower rates of depressive symptoms.
• Self-rated good health, frequent contact with children, high life satisfaction, and having a pension may protect against depression.
• Being female, facing difficulties with daily activities, suffering from chronic diseases, experiencing physical pain, and having short sleep duration are linked to increased depressive symptoms.
• Frequent drinking and living in impoverished households are also identified as risk factors for depression in this demographic.
• Preventative measures and treatment for depression should be prioritized for female elderly, those in rural areas, and those with poorer economic conditions.

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