Long-term intake of rice improves insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet

Jul 3, 2014Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

Long-term rice eating improves insulin sensitivity in mice on a high-fat diet

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Mice fed a high-fat diet with rice showed significantly lower body weight and improved metabolic markers compared to those fed a high-fat diet without rice.

HFD-CR-fed mice had lower blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels than HFD-fed mice.
Glucose responses improved in the HFD-CR group, indicated by decreased insulin resistance.
Key liver enzymes related to glucose production were down-regulated in mice consuming rice.
The size of pancreatic islets was normalized with rice consumption compared to the HFD group.
Rice enhanced glucose uptake by activating a specific protein pathway in skeletal muscle.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice as a carbohydrate source and its molecular mechanisms on insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).

METHODS: C57 BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups and were fed a low-fat diet (LFD); a HFD (with 18% fat, 0.5% cholesterol, 51.5% w/w cornstarch and sucrose); or a HFD with rice (HFD-CR, with 18% fat, 0.5% cholesterol and 51.5% w/w rice powder) for 12 wk. In the HFD-CR diet, cooked rice powder was substituted for cornstarch and sucrose in the HFD as a carbohydrate source.

RESULTS: HFD-CR-fed mice had significantly lower body weight, blood glucose, insulin and leptin levels and ameliorated glucose responses with decreased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance compared with HFD-fed mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were down-regulated in the HFD-CR group. The hypertrophied islet size and the decreased pancreatic mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 in the HFD group were normalized with cooked rice consumption. Rice promoted glucose uptake by activating AMP-activated protein kinase and downstream glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle.

CONCLUSION: Rice consumption as a carbohydrate source might potentiate improvements in glucose uptake via AMP-activated protein kinase activation and glucose transporter 4 expression in the skeletal muscles, thereby improving insulin sensitivity.

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Long-term intake of rice improves insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet

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