Risk Factors for Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income Women With Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Jan 29, 2015Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses

Risk factors for postpartum depression symptoms in low-income women with very small newborns

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Abstract

42% of mothers with premature infants in the NICU reported elevated postpartum depressive symptoms.

Elevated postpartum depressive symptoms are associated with increased levels of posttraumatic stress and anxiety.
Younger maternal age and not living with the baby's father are linked to higher depressive symptoms.
The severity of the infant's illness, parental stress, and maternal education do not appear to influence depressive symptoms.
Screening for anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and postpartum depression is recommended for low-income mothers when their infants are admitted to the NICU.
Assessing familial support, maternal age, and psychological factors may help identify mothers at risk for postpartum depressive symptoms.

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PURPOSE: This study examined factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms in mothers with premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

SUBJECTS: A total of 113 new mothers with very low-birth-weight infants in their initial NICU admission were recruited from 2 urban hospitals servicing low-income minority communities.

DESIGN: This study employed a cross-sectional design.

METHODS: Data were collected during the infants' postpartum NICU admission and included maternal demographic information (eg, age, education, race, living with the baby's father), infant illness severity (Neurobiologic Risk Score from infant's medical record), and maternal psychological measures (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).

RESULTS: The findings indicated that 47 (42%) women had elevated postpartum depressive symptoms and 33 (30%) women had elevated postpartum posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSs). Factors associated with postpartum depressive symptoms included PTS, anxiety, maternal age, and whether the mother lived with the baby's father (F₄, ₁₀₄ = 52.27, P < .001). The severity of the infants' illness, parental stress, and maternal education were not associated with depressive symptoms among low-income mothers of NICU infants.

CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our findings, we recommend that low-income women should be screened for symptoms of anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and postpartum depression on their infants' admission to the NICU. When this is not feasible, we advise NICU healthcare providers to assess women for familial support, maternal age, posttraumatic stress related to their infants birth, and anxiety to determine which mothers are at the greatest risk for postpartum depressive symptoms. Screening for postpartum depression in the NICU can aid in early identification and treatment, thereby decreasing negative consequences for mothers and their infants.

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Risk Factors for Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income Women With Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants

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