Trends in Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering: From Stem Cells to Secretome and Organoid Bioprinting

Jul 30, 2020Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews

Advances in Growing Salivary Gland Tissue Using Stem Cells, Cell Secretions, and 3D Bioprinting

AI simplified

Longevity & Aging on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Transplantation with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells has shown to enlarge the serous salivary gland epithelium and improve salivary flow in Phase 1/2 clinical trials.

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is commonly observed in head and neck cancer patients following salivary gland injury from radiotherapy.
Adult stem cell transplantation has demonstrated potential in improving clinical outcomes for radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in early human trials.
Mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue are highlighted as the most promising source for salivary gland regeneration.
Cell-free therapies, including extracellular vesicles from stem cell secretomes, show favorable results in rodent models of salivary gland injury.
3D bioprinting and organoid technology are emerging as important methods for generating salivary gland tissue for potential transplantation.
Organoids have the ability to secrete extracellular vesicles, which may hold therapeutic potential for future applications.

AI simplified

Xerostomia or dry mouth are commonly diagnosed in head and neck cancer patients due to salivary gland (SG) epithelial injury after radiotherapy. Regenerative medicine has fetched the opportunity to replace or regenerate the SG epithelia and restore its secretory function. Early adult stem cell transplantation strategies in rodents have recently shown to improve clinical outcomes in radiotherapy-induced xerostomia in Phase 1/2 human trials. Mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue are the most promising, although the ones from the labial mucosa, bone marrow, or dental pulp have an attractive therapeutic value after successful findings inandmouse models of SG injury. Emerging approaches using cell-free therapy with cell "extracts", "soups" or secretome components also exhibit favorable outcomes in the same rodent models. When compared to cell-based approaches, extracellular vesicles (EV) from the secretome (i.e., exosomes) can be easily extracted, quantified, and are more stable for long-term storage and use in SG tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing and three-dimensional bioprinting or bioassembly have an important role on generating spheroids or organoids for cell transplantation to ameliorate SG injury. Moreover, organoids can secrete EV, which may have a therapeutic potential worth to explore in future studies. In this review, we will describe the technological advancements and challenges of these different cell-based and cell-free strategies in SG tissue engineering and regeneration. Impact statement Salivary gland (SG)-like innervated epithelial organoids and the secretome produced from stem cells may constitute feasible therapeutic alternatives to regenerate the SG due to their user-friendly, short-lived, consistent, and scalable additive manufacturing processes. Bioprinting such human SG organoids towarddrug discovery may further reduce the incorporation of animal-derived components to the tissue constructs and minimize the use of animal experimentation in SG regeneration. Despite such advancements, transplantation with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells is the only tissue engineering strategy that has reached Phase 1/2 clinical trials and shown to enlarge the serous SG epithelium and improve salivary flow. ex vivo in vivo in vitro

Full Text

Full text is available at the source.

View full text (XML) ↗View full text ↗

Trends in Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering: From Stem Cells to Secretome and Organoid Bioprinting

Abstract

Full Text

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Recent issues from the longevity & aging brief

Abstract

Full Text

Related papers

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Recent issues from the longevity & aging brief