COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Trigger Neutralizing Antibodies and Change Immune Responses in People with HIV

An increase in anti-S Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels was observed in 75 people living with HIV, comparable to healthy donors (p < 0.001).

• People living with HIV showed a significant induction of anti-S neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (p < 0.014 for T2 vs. T3).
• No demographic or immunological factors, including age, gender, and CD4+ T cell count, significantly impacted anti-S IgG production.
• Type I interferon (IFN-I) gene expression exhibited temporal changes, with a decrease at T2 and an increase at T3 (p < 0.001 for IFN-α2 and IFN-ω).
• A multivariable model indicated no overall change in the IFN-I response over time, except for IFN-β, which was lower at T3 compared to T1 (p = 0.032).
• CD4+ T cell count was positively correlated with the IFN-I response (p < 0.05).

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