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Abstract
Pooled trials and national cohorts mostly showed no statistically significant increase in thyroid cancer associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists.
- Three separate meta-analyses of randomized trials reported a statistically significant increase in overall thyroid cancer.
- Case-control and spontaneous-reporting studies indicated potential signals that may be influenced by detection bias and confounding.
- In a matched cohort of 1072 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure for a median of 16 months was not significantly associated with disease progression over 69 months.
- Receptor-expression findings related to thyroid cancer were inconsistent, and preclinical data did not demonstrate growth-promoting effects.
- The findings do not establish oncological safety, highlighting a need for semaglutide-specific studies with longer exposure and focused on histology.
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