Shared and distinct regional homogeneity changes in bipolar and unipolar depression

Feb 22, 2018Neuroscience letters

Similar and different local brain activity changes in bipolar and unipolar depression

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Abstract

Significant differences in resting-state brain activity were found in the left frontal cluster (LFC) among 55 patients with bipolar depression (BD), 76 patients with unipolar depression (UD), and 113 healthy controls (HC).

Distinct ReHo values in the LFC were observed between BD, UD, and HC groups.
Differences in ReHo values in the LFC and left temporal cluster (LTC) were noted between BD and UD.
ReHo changes in the cuneus were shared between BD and UD, indicating a possible neuroimaging marker for depressive states.
No correlations were found between depression severity scores and ReHo values in BD or UD patients.

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BACKGROUND: Bipolar depression (BD) is easily misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) because the depressive symptoms can overlap. Regional homogeneity (ReHo), a measure commonly used for analyzing resting-state fMRI data, has been applied to the study of various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, to date, studies directly comparing BD and UD using ReHo have been relatively scarce. Further investigation is needed to study the latent pathophysiological mechanisms of BD and UD.

METHODS: Fifty-five patients with BD and 76 patients with UD, as well as 113 healthy controls (HC), underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared the voxel-wise ReHo across the whole brain for subjects in each of the three groups.

RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the left frontal cluster (LFC) across the three groups. There were differences between BD and UD in the LFC and left temporal cluster (LTC). In addition, differences between UD and HC existed in the LFC and the occipital cluster (OC). When comparing BD subjects with HC subjects, significant differences were found in all three clusters. No correlations were observed between the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) scores or sub-scores and the ReHo values of BD or UD patients.

CONCLUSION: ReHo values in the LFC differed significantly among BD, UD, and HC subjects. ReHo in the LTC showed significant differences between BD and UD that might serve as neuroimaging markers of BD. Further, BD and UD shared ReHo changes in the cuneus, suggesting that the cuneus might provide a depressive state neuroimaging marker of BD and UD patients.

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Shared and distinct regional homogeneity changes in bipolar and unipolar depression

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