Sleep disruption, chronotype, shift work, and prostate cancer risk and mortality: a 30-year prospective cohort study of Finnish twins

Oct 14, 2016Cancer causes & control : CCC

Sleep problems, natural sleep timing, shift work, and prostate cancer risk and death in Finnish twins over 30 years

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Abstract

Among 11,370 Finnish twins, somewhat evening types had a 30% increased risk of prostate cancer compared to definite morning types.

Chronotype significantly influenced the relationship between shift work and prostate cancer risk.
No significant associations were found between sleep duration, sleep quality, or shift work and prostate cancer risk in overall analyses.
Co-twin analyses did not reveal significant links between sleep- or circadian-related parameters and prostate cancer risk.
No sleep- or circadian-related parameters were associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality.
Findings indicate that individual chronotype may affect prostate cancer risk and its relationship with shift work.

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PURPOSE: Sleep disruption and shift work have been associated with cancer risk, but epidemiologic evidence for prostate cancer remains limited. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association between midlife sleep- and circadian-related parameters and later prostate cancer risk and mortality in a population-based cohort of Finnish twins.

METHODS: Data were drawn from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort and included 11,370 twins followed from 1981 to 2012. Over the study period, 602 incident cases of prostate cancer and 110 deaths from prostate cancer occurred. Cox regression was used to evaluate associations between midlife sleep duration, sleep quality, chronotype, and shift work with prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Within-pair co-twin analyses were employed to account for potential familial confounding.

RESULTS: Compared to "definite morning" types, "somewhat evening" types had a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (HR 1.3; 95 % CI 1.1, 1.6). Chronotype significantly modified the relationship between shift work and prostate cancer risk (p-interaction <0.001). We found no significant association between sleep duration, sleep quality, or shift work and prostate cancer risk in the overall analyses and no significant association between any sleep- or circadian-related parameter and risk in co-twin analyses. Neither sleep- nor circadian-related parameters were significantly associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality.

CONCLUSION: The association between sleep disruption, chronotype, and shift work with prostate cancer risk and mortality has never before been studied in a prospective study of male twins. Our findings suggest that chronotype may be associated with prostate cancer risk and modify the association between shift work and prostate cancer risk. Future studies of circadian disruption and prostate cancer should account for this individual-level characteristic.

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Sleep disruption, chronotype, shift work, and prostate cancer risk and mortality: a 30-year prospective cohort study of Finnish twins

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