FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental BiologyNov 15, 2019

SNAP may reverse drug resistance in human glioblastoma cells by lowering MGMT levels

Circadian Biology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Mar 29, 2026

Abstract

Nitric oxide donor nitroso-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) may reverse temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma multiforme cells.

SNAP demonstrated antitumor effects on both temozolomide-sensitive and temozolomide-resistant glioma cells.
It induced cell death, disrupted mitochondrial function, and activated hypoxia-inducing factor 1.
SNAP resensitized temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells to temozolomide by down-regulating MGMT expression.
The mechanism involved post-translational modifications of specific proteins that affect MGMT stability.
Combined treatment of SNAP and temozolomide enhanced tumor growth inhibition.

Simplified

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and gravest primary tumor of the CNS in adults. The development of chemoresistance to temozolomide (TMZ), the first-line chemotherapy for GBM, is an important factor contributing to poor treatment outcomes. Down-regulation of-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in GBM cells is an attractive strategy for overcoming TMZ resistance and improving outcomes. This study revealed that the nitric oxide (NO) donor-nitroso--acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) exerts antitumorigenic effects on TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant (TMZ-R) glioma cells. Pretreatment with SNAP not only induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypoxia-inducing factor 1, but also resensitized TMZ-R GBM cells to TMZ through down-regulation of MGMT expression. SNAP acted principally through post-translational modification of p53, phosphorylated N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, and MGMT protein stability in TMZ-R GBM cells. Additionally, when applied together, SNAP and TMZ enhanced the inhibition of tumor growthand. This study sheds new light on a potential strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM and thus possesses the potential for prolonging survival of patients with GBM.-Tsai, C.-K., Huang, L.-C., Wu, Y.-P., Kan, I.-Y., Hueng, D.-Y. SNAP reverses temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma multiforme cells through down-regulation of MGMT. O S N in vitro in vivo

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SNAP may reverse drug resistance in human glioblastoma cells by lowering MGMT levels

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