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The suprachiasmatic nuclei as a seasonal clock
The brain's internal clock controlling seasonal rhythms
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Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) encodes changes in day length to regulate seasonal physiology and behavior.
- SCN neurons function as independent oscillators, working together to create a unified circadian rhythm.
- Photic information is received by the SCN, influencing melatonin production in the pineal gland.
- Adaptations to varying light conditions lead to alterations in neurotransmitter levels and clock gene expression within the SCN.
- These changes result in variations in rhythmic electrical activity, an important output of the SCN.
- Efferent pathways from the SCN control the timing of reproductive cycles and hibernation.
- In humans, the SCN exhibits seasonal changes in neurotransmitter levels and structure.
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