SYNCHRONIZATION TO LIGHT AND RESTRICTED-FEEDING SCHEDULES OF BEHAVIORAL AND HUMORAL DAILY RHYTHMS IN GILTHEAD SEA BREAM(SPARUS AURATA)

Nov 18, 2009Chronobiology international

Daily behavior and hormone rhythms in gilthead sea bream synced to light and feeding times

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Abstract

Gilthead sea bream exhibited 78% nocturnal feeding activity when fed at night and 81% diurnal feeding activity when fed during the day under a 12:12 h light-dark cycle.

Feeding behavior was synchronized with the feeding phase, influencing daily activity patterns.
Locomotor activity remained mostly diurnal (66-71%), regardless of the feeding schedule, and became arrhythmic under constant light conditions.
Cortisol levels peaked at different times depending on the light and feeding schedule, with one peak occurring several hours before feeding during both day and night feeding.
Glucose levels showed low-amplitude variations without identifiable daily rhythms.
Melatonin demonstrated a nocturnal rhythm regardless of feeding schedule, but this rhythm was reduced under constant light conditions.

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Food is not continuously available in the wild, and so most animals show a wide variety of circadian rhythms that can be entrained to feeding time. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of time-restricted feeding on the daily rhythms of gilthead sea bream, with food being provided during the day or night under a 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle or constant light (LL) conditions. Self-feeding and locomotor activity, as well as daily rhythms of cortisol, glucose, and melatonin, were evaluated. Fish synchronized their feeding behavior to the feeding phase, so that in LD they displayed 78% nocturnal feeding activity under night-feeding and 81% diurnal feeding activity under day-feeding, while under LL-feeding they displayed 72% of their daily activity during the 12 h feeding phase. In contrast, locomotor activity was mostly diurnal (66-71%), regardless of the feeding schedule, and it became arrhythmic under LL. Cortisol showed daily rhythms that peaked at different times, depending on the light and feeding schedule: one peak several hours before feeding under day-feeding and night-feeding, and two peaks under LL-feeding. Glucose displayed low-amplitude variations, with no daily rhythms being detected. Melatonin, however, showed a nocturnal rhythm, regardless of the feeding schedule, while the rhythm became attenuated under LL. Taken together, these results highlight the role of feeding on endocrine and metabolic rhythms, suggesting that feeding behavior should be considered when studying these variables.

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SYNCHRONIZATION TO LIGHT AND RESTRICTED-FEEDING SCHEDULES OF BEHAVIORAL AND HUMORAL DAILY RHYTHMS IN GILTHEAD SEA BREAM(SPARUS AURATA)

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