Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Mayssam Nehme: speaking fees (Pfizer). Margret Hund-Georgiadis: no competing interest. Esther Del Corral Beamonte: no competing interest. Pierre-Olivier Bridevaux: no competing interest. Robert Hoepner: received speaker/advisor honorary from Merck, Novartis, Roche, Biogen, Alexion, Sanofi, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Teva/Mepha and Almirall. He received research support within the last 5 years from Roche, Merck, Sanofi, Biogen, Chiesi, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. He also received research grants from the Swiss MS Society, the SITEM Insel Support Fund and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Swiss and International MS Society. He also serves as deputy editor in chief for Journal of Central Nervous System disease and is part of the ECTRIMS Young Investigator Committee. Iris-Katharina Penner: Honoraria for speaking at scientific meetings, serving at scientific advisory boards and consulting activities from Almirall, Bayer Pharma, Biogen, Celgene, Sanofi-Genzyme, Janssen, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. Research support from the German MS Society, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, and Teva. Joana Strobel: no competing interest. Mercè Boada Rovira: no competing interest. Francesc Puchades: no competing interest. Francesco Landi: no competing interest. Pablo Guisado Vasco: Angelini Pharma Spain - consulting fees, Berlin Cures GmbH – advisory board fees, GlaxoSmithKline (Spain) - speaking fees and meetings grants, Pharma Mar SA (Spain) – speaking, consulting, meeting grants & advisory board fees, Pfizer (Spain) – speaking fees. Giovanni Guaraldi: no competing interest. Francisco Mera Cordero: no competing interest. Luca Sebastianelli: no competing interest. Loredana Sarmati: no competing interest. Nathalie Berthuy: employee of Geneuro. Jérôme Wojcik: statistician of the trial and consultant statistician for Geneuro. Karim Keddad: employee of Geneuro. Anke Post: employee of Geneuro. David Leppert: former Chief Medical Officer of Geneuro, consultant for Geneuro. Idris Guessous: member of the Fatigue Differential Diagnostic Aid (FDDA) study that was funded by CSL-Vifor.
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