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Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiome may promote the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- The gut and kidneys interact through a complex system known as the gut-kidney axis.
- Uremic toxins from advanced kidney dysfunction can negatively impact intestinal health.
- Incretin hormones, especially glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), are important in gut-kidney signaling.
- There is a connection between gastrointestinal illness and IgA nephropathy.
- Chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease may increase the risk of gastrointestinal disease.
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