Effects of Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide on β-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glucose Control During a Meal Test

Tirzepatide significantly reduced fasting glucose and total glucose area under the curve (AUC) compared to semaglutide (P < .01).

• The reduction in total glucose AUC with tirzepatide was primarily due to a greater suppression of fasting glucose.
• Tirzepatide achieved a greater reduction in total insulin secretion rate AUC compared to semaglutide (P < .01).
• Improvements in insulin sensitivity were greater with tirzepatide than with semaglutide (P < .01).
• Insulin secretion rate at a specific glucose level (7.2 mmol/L) was significantly increased with tirzepatide compared to semaglutide (P < .05).
• Both treatments reduced fasting glucagon levels, but tirzepatide resulted in a significantly greater reduction in total glucagon AUC compared to semaglutide (P < .01).
• The estimated hepatic insulin-to-glucagon ratio remained largely unchanged with either treatment.

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