From trigeminal ganglion to cortex: ATG7 emerges as a key integrator of migraine pathways via multi-omics profiling

Dec 23, 2025The journal of headache and pain

ATG7 as a key regulator linking migraine signals from facial nerves to thinking areas

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Abstract

A total of 1,108 migraine-associated genes were identified in the cortex, with 586 in the trigeminal ganglion, including 109 overlapping genes.

  • Overlapping genes link pathways related to and neuroinflammation, indicating shared mechanisms in migraine.
  • Five hub genes—HSP90AB1, EGFR, ERBB3, MET, and ATG7—are implicated in both trigeminal ganglion and cortical tissues.
  • ATG7 is highlighted as a key candidate gene, showing significant expression in cortical astrocytes and neurons.
  • In a migraine model, protein levels of LC3-II increased while LC3-I and p62 levels decreased, suggesting changes in autophagic activity.
  • Elevated ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I and LC3-II/p62 in the migraine model indicate active autophagic flux.

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Key numbers

586
Migraine-associated genes in
Total identified genes linked to migraine in the .
1,108
Migraine-associated genes in cortex
Total identified genes linked to migraine in the cortex.
109
Overlapping migraine-associated genes
Number of genes shared between and cortex.

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