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Abstract
The tumour organismal environment () is crucial in cancer progression and is often overlooked in current research.
- The tumour microenvironment () has shifted focus in cancer research but may lead to an incomplete understanding of cancer development.
- Non-genetic and non-cell-intrinsic factors play a significant role in cancer, as highlighted by TME research.
- Current TME-centric approaches may neglect important components located beyond the TME.
- Highlighting the TOE could address explanatory and therapeutic shortcomings in understanding cancer.
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