The tumour microenvironment () influences tumour growth and treatment responses.
The TME includes tumour cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and secreted factors that collectively affect cancer behavior.
Immune cells in the TME may both promote tumour progression and contribute to resistance against therapies, with outcomes being context dependent.
Research has shown that specific components of the gut microbiota can regulate immune cells within the TME.
These interactions between gut microbiota and immune cells could influence cancer treatment outcomes.
Understanding these relationships may provide insights for developing future cancer therapies.
Simplified
The tumour microenvironment represents a novel frontier in oncological research. Over the past decade, accumulating evidence has underscored the importance of the tumour microenvironment (), including tumour cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and various secreted factors, which collectively influence tumour growth, invasion, and responses to therapeutic agents. Immune cells within the TME are now widely acknowledged to play pivotal roles in tumour development and treatment. While some perspectives have posited that immune cells within the TME facilitate tumour progression and confer resistance to therapeutic interventions, contrasting conclusions also exist. Affirmative and negative conclusions appear to be context dependent, and a unified consensus has yet to be reached. The burgeoning body of research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and tumours in recent years has led to a growing understanding. Most studies have indicated that specific components of the gut microbiota, such as unique bacterial communities or specific secretory factors, play diverse roles in regulating immune cells within the TME, thereby influencing the prognosis and outcomes of cancer treatments. A detailed understanding of these factors could provide novel insights into the TME and cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to synthesise information on the interactions between the gut microbiota and immune cells within the TME, providing an in-depth exploration of the potential guiding implications for future cancer therapies.
Key numbers
36%
Overall Clinical Response Rate
Clinical response rate observed in melanoma patients receiving with ICB.
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