Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study

May 31, 2019BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

Eating ultra-processed foods linked to higher risk of death from any cause

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Abstract

Participants in the highest quarter of ultra-processed food consumption had a 62% increased hazard for all cause mortality.

The study followed 19,899 participants over 200,432 person-years from 1999 to 2018.
A total of 335 deaths were recorded during the follow-up period.
There was a significant dose-response relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and all cause mortality.
For each additional serving of ultra-processed foods consumed, all cause mortality increased by 18%.
The findings suggest that high consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with a higher risk of mortality.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.

SETTING: Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort of university graduates, Spain 1999-2018.

PARTICIPANTS: 19 899 participants (12 113 women and 7786 men) aged 20-91 years followed-up every two years between December 1999 and February 2014 for food and drink consumption, classified according to the degree of processing by the NOVA classification, and evaluated through a validated 136 item food frequency questionnaire.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Association between consumption of energy adjusted ultra-processed foods categorised into quarters (low, low-medium, medium-high, and high consumption) and all cause mortality, using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS: 335 deaths occurred during 200 432 persons years of follow-up. Participants in the highest quarter (high consumption) of ultra-processed foods consumption had a higher hazard for all cause mortality compared with those in the lowest quarter (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.33) with a significant dose-response relation (P for linear trend=0.005). For each additional serving of ultra-processed foods, all cause mortality relatively increased by 18% (adjusted hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.33).

CONCLUSIONS: A higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (>4 servings daily) was independently associated with a 62% relatively increased hazard for all cause mortality. For each additional serving of ultra-processed food, all cause mortality increased by 18%.

STUDY REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02669602.

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Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study

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