Aging clocks based on random changes over time

Accumulating stochastic variation in simulated data can predict chronological and biological age.

• First-generation and second-generation aging clocks are compatible with stochastic changes in DNA methylation or gene activity.
• Significant prediction differences are observed in relation to factors like smoking, calorie restriction, and partial reprogramming.
• The findings indicate that random changes in data with an initial state at age zero may suffice for constructing aging clocks.
• Results do not rule out the possibility of a programmed aging process.

Simplified