The Effect of Alcohol and Gender on Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Results From the Baseline Double Exposure Study

Feb 2, 2006American journal of hypertension

How Alcohol and Gender Are Linked to Blood Pressure During Daily Activities

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Abstract

In a study of 248 participants, alcohol consumption of 10 or more drinks per week was associated with a 4.4 mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure over 24 hours.

Male gender was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, with a significance level of P = .004.
Age was also found to contribute to higher systolic blood pressure, with a significance level of P = .039.
Exercise was associated with lower systolic blood pressure, indicated by a significance level of P = .037.
The effect of alcohol on systolic blood pressure was more pronounced in women, with increases of 8.4 mm Hg over 24 hours and 11.4 mm Hg during spousal contact.
The interaction between gender and drinking status was significant for systolic blood pressure during spousal contact time (P = .047), but not over 24 hours.

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BACKGROUND: Research has demonstrated that psychosocial and lifestyle factors are associated with sustained increases in blood pressure (BP).

METHODS: Using post-hoc analyses from the Baseline Double Exposure cohort study, alcohol consumption and gender were examined as to their association with ambulatory BP (ABP) in participants with normal or elevated and untreated BP.

RESULTS: The current study included 248 subjects, 135 (54.4%) of whom were women, with a mean age (+/- SD) of 50.8 +/- 6.6 years. The main effects model, which included BMI, multiple regression analysis with 24 h systolic BP as the dependent variable found that alcohol consumption (P = .033), male gender (P = .004), and age (P = .039) were significant variables associated with higher systolic BP, whereas exercise (P = .037) was associated with lower systolic BP. From the regression analysis, the independent effect of alcohol consumption (> or = 10 drinks per week) on systolic BP was 4.4 mm Hg for all subjects during 24 h and 7.1 mm Hg during spousal contact, whereas in women with this degree of alcohol consumption the effect on systolic BP was 8.4 mm Hg during 24 h and 11.4 mm Hg during spousal contact. When the interaction term of gender by drinking status was added to the same regression model, the term was not significant for systolic BP during 24 h, but was significant during spousal contact time (P = .047).

CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates an association between alcohol with higher systolic BP, more pronounced in women than men, particularly during spousal contact time. This is the first time that the interaction of alcohol and gender with ABP has been demonstrated.

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The Effect of Alcohol and Gender on Ambulatory Blood Pressure: Results From the Baseline Double Exposure Study

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