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Apple polyphenol extract modulates bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota by regulating the circadian rhythms in daytime-restricted high fat diet feeding C57BL/6 male mice
Apple polyphenol extract affects bile acid and gut bacteria by changing daily rhythms in male mice fed a high-fat diet only during the day
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Abstract
Apple polyphenol extract (APE) decreased body weight and influenced daily rhythms in bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice.
- APE may induce daily rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and ileum in mice fed a high-fat diet.
- Increased expression of hepatic FXR and BSEP was observed with APE treatment at specific times of day.
- APE may reduce levels of total bile acids, secondary bile acids, and unconjugated bile acids in feces.
- The extract also appeared to regulate the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of probiotics.
- These findings suggest APE could modulate bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota, potentially protecting against circadian disruption.
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