Association Between Sleep Timing, Obesity, Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Cohort Study

Mar 23, 2017Sleep

Links Between Sleep Schedules, Obesity, and Diabetes in Hispanic/Latino Adults

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Abstract

Fasting glucose levels increased by approximately 3% for each hour later bedtimes occurred in participants with diabetes.

In participants with diabetes, later bedtimes and midpoints of sleep were associated with higher fasting glucose levels.
HOMA-IR, a measure of insulin resistance, increased by 1.5% for each hour later the midpoint of sleep occurred.
Chronotype, defined as the midpoint of sleep adjusted for weekday sleep duration, was positively associated with HOMA-IR.
Younger participants (< 36 years) showed that later sleep timing correlated with lower body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose levels.
In contrast, older participants exhibited higher BMI and fasting glucose levels with later sleep timing.

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent studies implicate inadequate sleep duration and quality in metabolic disease. Fewer studies have examined the timing of sleep, which may be important because of its potential impact on circadian rhythms of metabolic function. We examined the association between sleep timing and metabolic risk among Hispanic/Latino adults.

METHODS: Cross-sectional data from community-based study of 13429 participants aged 18-74 years. People taking diabetic medications were excluded. Sleep timing was determined from self-reported bedtimes and wake times. Chronotype was defined as the midpoint of sleep on weekends adjusted for sleep duration on weekdays. Other measurements included body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose levels, estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose levels 2 hours post oral glucose ingestion, and hemoglobin A1c. Survey linear regression models tested associations between sleep timing and metabolic measures. Analyses were stratified by diabetes status and age-group when significant interactions were observed.

RESULTS: Among participants with diabetes, fasting glucose levels were positively associated with bedtime (approximately +3%/hour later, p < .01) and midpoint of sleep (approximately +2%/hour later, p < .05). In participants with and without diabetes combined, HOMA-IR was positively associated with midpoint of sleep (+1.5%/hr later, p < .05), and chronotype (+1.2%/hour later, p < .05). Associations differed by age-group. Among those < 36 years, later sleep timing was associated with lower BMI, lower fasting glucose, and lower HbA1c, but the opposite association was observed among older participants.

CONCLUSIONS: Later sleep timing was associated with higher estimated insulin resistance across all groups. Some associations between sleep timing and metabolic measures may be age-dependent.

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Association Between Sleep Timing, Obesity, Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Cohort Study

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