Understanding different types of support brain cells: Their molecules, shapes, and roles in health and brain diseases

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system.

• Astrocytes have shared and unique genes and functions depending on their location in the brain.
• The regional diversity of astrocytes originates from specific cellular sources.
• Molecular networks that influence astrocyte shape are crucial for their complex functions.
• Reactive astrocytes display diverse functions that vary based on the context of central nervous system disorders.
• Recent advances enhance understanding of astrocyte diversity in both healthy individuals and those with neurodegenerative diseases.

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