Bioprinting 3D microfibrous scaffolds for engineering endothelialized myocardium and heart-on-a-chip

A novel hybrid strategy using 3D bioprinting successfully created endothelialized myocardium.

• Endothelial cells bioprinted within microfibrous hydrogel scaffolds migrated to form a layer of confluent endothelium.
• The 3D structure allowed for the alignment of cardiomyocytes, resulting in myocardium that could contract spontaneously and synchronously.
• The organoids were embedded in a microfluidic perfusion bioreactor, enabling cardiovascular toxicity evaluation.
• The technique was shown to be applicable to human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to create endothelialized human myocardium.

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