The brain-gut connection in autism: from digestive problems to immune system involvement

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea.

• The gut-brain axis may be a significant pathway linking gastrointestinal dysfunction to ASD.
• Dietary patterns and gut microbiota imbalances are associated with ASD symptoms.
• Intestinal barrier dysfunction and neuroimmune activation could play roles in the pathophysiology of ASD.
• Shared genetic vulnerabilities and environmental factors may influence both gut and brain functions in individuals with ASD.
• Microbiota-targeted interventions, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, are being evaluated as potential therapies.

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