Cardiovascular outcome studies with incretin-based therapies: Comparison between DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists

Liraglutide is associated with a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events and mortality compared to placebo.

• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) showed non-inferiority to placebo in cardiovascular outcome trials, but did not demonstrate cardiovascular protection.
• SAVOR-TIMI 53 indicated that saxagliptin was linked to an increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
• ELIXA trial results for lixisenatide showed non-inferiority but did not reflect the same cardiovascular benefits as observed with liraglutide.
• Semaglutide in the SUSTAIN 6 trial provided partial confirmation of liraglutide's benefits, though it did not reduce cardiovascular mortality.
• The reasons for varying outcomes across different trials remain largely unclear.

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