In Vitro Evidence for Chronic Alcohol and High Glucose Mediated Increased Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity

Feb 8, 2012Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

Lab evidence that long-term alcohol and high sugar increase liver cell damage and oxidative stress

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Abstract

VL-17A cells treated with ethanol and high glucose showed greater oxidative stress and toxicity than other groups.

Ethanol and high glucose together increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde adducts.
Apoptosis was significantly observed in liver cells exposed to the combination of ethanol and high glucose.
CYP2E1 levels rose in a graded manner across different treatment groups of VL-17A cells.
Antioxidants and inhibitors of alcohol metabolizing enzymes reduced oxidative stress and toxicity in treated cells.
The findings suggest that the combination of alcohol and high glucose could exacerbate liver injury.

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BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia or alcoholism can lead to impaired liver functions. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is elevated in hyperglycemia or alcoholism and plays a critical role in generating oxidative stress in the cell.

METHODS: In the present study, we have used VL-17A cells that overexpress the alcohol metabolizing enzymes [alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and CYP2E1] to investigate the toxicity due to ethanol (EtOH) plus high glucose. Toxicity was assessed through viability assay and amount of acetaldehyde adduct formation. Oxidative stress parameters included measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde adduct formation. Apoptosis was determined through caspase-3 activity, Annexin V- Propidium iodide staining, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. The effects of antioxidants and specific inhibitors of ADH and CYP2E1 on cell viability and ROS levels were also studied.

RESULTS: When present together, EtOH plus high glucose-treated VL-17A cells exhibited greater oxidative stress and toxicity than other groups. Apoptosis was observed in liver cells treated with the toxins, and the EtOH plus high glucose-treated VL-17A cells exhibited apoptosis to the largest extent. A distinct and graded increase in CYP2E1 level occurred in the different groups of VL-17A cells. Further, antioxidants or inhibitors of ADH and CYP2E1 were effective in decreasing the observed oxidative stress and toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS: The combined oxidative insult due to alcohol plus high glucose leads to greater liver injury, which may prove to be a timely warning for the injurious effects of alcohol consumption in diabetics.

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In Vitro Evidence for Chronic Alcohol and High Glucose Mediated Increased Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity

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