How Daily Activity Patterns and Time Outlook Affect Understanding of Stories

Evening types may outperform morning types in cognitive tasks, particularly when processing tasks that violate chronological order.

• Chronotype (morningness-eveningness) and time perspective (present-future) influence cognitive performance.
• Participants showed differential processing of temporal information based on their chronotype and time perspective.
• A strong future focus may hinder the identification of earlier sub-events in tasks requiring temporal judgment.
• Evening types demonstrated greater accuracy in processing tasks where chronological order is reversed compared to morning types.
• Pupillary data suggests that the advantage of evening types is linked to their investment of cognitive resources.
• Evening types may have higher working memory capacity and verbal intelligence than morning types.

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