Chronotypes and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time at midlife

Jun 20, 2020Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports

Body clock types linked to actual physical activity and sitting time in middle age

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Abstract

Evening chronotype is associated with low physical activity and high sedentary time in men.

Men with day and morning chronotypes had higher total physical activity volumes compared to those with evening chronotype.
Men with day and morning chronotypes exhibited less sedentary time than those with evening chronotype.
Among women, morning chronotype was linked to higher total physical activity, but no relation to sedentary time was found.
Low objectively measured physical activity and high sedentary time in men were consistently associated with evening chronotype, even after accounting for confounding factors.

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Morning, day, or evening chronotypes differ by the circadian timing of alertness and the preferred timing of sleep. It has been suggested that evening chronotype is associated with low physical activity (PA) and high sedentary time (SED). Our aim was to investigate whether such an association is confirmed by objectively measured PA and SED. In 46-year follow-up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study, total PA (MET min/day) and SED (min/day) among 5156 participants were determined using wrist-worn accelerometers for 14 days. We used the shortened Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire to define participants' chronotypes. As covariates, we used self-reported physical strenuousness of work, health, and demographics, and clinical measures. We used adjusted general linear models (B coefficients with 95% confidence intervals, CI) to analyze how chronotype was related to total PA or SED. As compared to evening chronotype, men with day and morning chronotypes had higher total PA volumes (adjusted B 75.2, 95% CI [8.1, 142.4], P = .028, and 98.6, [30.2, 167.1], P = .005). Men with day and morning chronotypes had less SED (-35.8, [-53.8, 17.8], P < .0001, and - 38.6, [-56.9, -20.2], P < .0001). Among women, morning chronotype was associated with higher total PA (57.8, [10.5, 105.0], P = .017), whereas no association between chronotype and SED emerged. Evening chronotype was associated with low objectively measured PA in both sexes and with high SED in men, even after adjustments for established potential confounders. Chronotype should be considered in PA promotion.

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Chronotypes and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time at midlife

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