Circadian Clock Programming of Anticipatory Antiviral Immunity Gates Enteric Virus Infection Susceptibility.

Time of day can lead to up to 100-fold differences in enteric viral burden based on infection timing.

• Susceptibility to viral infection is influenced by the time of day.
• Mice that lack a functional circadian clock do not exhibit time-dependent differences in viral infection outcomes.
• The antiviral transcription factor IRF1 is regulated by the circadian transcription factor BMAL1.
• Prior to infection, there is a rhythmic expression of antiviral genes mediated by the circadian clock.
• Loss of IRF1 disrupts the antiviral gene program and eliminates time-of-day-related differences in viral replication.
• The circadian clock may establish a preexisting antiviral state in intestinal myeloid cells.

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