Circadian disruption and human health

Oct 1, 2021The Journal of clinical investigation

How Disrupted Body Clocks Relate to Human Health

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Abstract

Circadian disruption is associated with an increased risk for neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders.

Circadian disruption can worsen disease severity.
Many diseases have the potential to disrupt circadian rhythms.
Preclinical and translational research suggests opportunities for personalized medicine through circadian-based approaches.
Selected examples in various disorders illustrate the connections between circadian disruption and health outcomes.
Potential interventions include bright light therapy, exogenous melatonin, and chronotherapy.

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Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels, contributing to poor health outcomes at individual and population levels. Evidence points to a bidirectional relationship, in that circadian disruption increases disease severity and many diseases can disrupt circadian rhythms. Importantly, circadian disruption can increase the risk for the expression and development of neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders. Thus, harnessing the rich findings from preclinical and translational research in circadian biology to enhance health via circadian-based approaches represents a unique opportunity for personalized/precision medicine and overall societal well-being. In this Review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption for human health using a bench-to-bedside approach. Evidence from preclinical and translational science is applied to a clinical and population-based approach. Given the broad implications of circadian regulation for human health, this Review focuses its discussion on selected examples in neurologic, psychiatric, metabolic, cardiovascular, allergic, and immunologic disorders that highlight the interrelatedness between circadian disruption and human disease and the potential of circadian-based interventions, such as bright light therapy and exogenous melatonin, as well as chronotherapy to improve and/or modify disease outcomes.

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Circadian disruption and human health

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