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Circadian endocrine rhythms: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and its actions
Daily hormone cycles of the stress control system and their effects
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Abstract
The stress system may restore internal balance in organisms through neuroendocrine responses to stressors.
- The stress response involves activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine autonomic nervous systems.
- Daily light/dark cycles influence life through the biological clock system, which regulates gene expression patterns.
- The CLOCK/BMAL1 transcription factor complex plays a key role in adjusting to circadian rhythms.
- Dysregulation between the stress system and biological clock could be linked to various disorders, including metabolic, autoimmune, and mood disorders.
- Understanding the interactions between these two systems may have clinical implications for addressing related health issues.
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