Bi-directional relationships between co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA)

Jul 6, 2021Sleep medicine reviews

Two-way links between insomnia and sleep apnea happening together

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Approximately 30-50% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea report clinically significant insomnia symptoms.

Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is associated with greater morbidity compared to having either condition alone.
Patients with chronic insomnia have a 30-40% likelihood of fulfilling diagnostic criteria for obstructive sleep apnea.
Complex diagnostic decisions are required for clinicians managing patients with COMISA.
Potential bi-directional relationships between insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea may influence both conditions' development and management.
A conceptual model of COMISA is proposed to enhance understanding of these relationships and inform future research.

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Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly co-occur. Approximately 30-50% of patients with OSA report clinically significant insomnia symptoms, and 30-40% of patients with chronic insomnia fulfil diagnostic criteria for OSA. Compared to either insomnia or OSA alone, co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is associated with greater morbidity for patients, complex diagnostic decisions for clinicians, and reduced response to otherwise effective treatment approaches. Potential bi-directional causal relationships between the mechanisms and manifestations of insomnia and OSA could play an integral role in the development and management of COMISA. A greater understanding of these relationships is required to guide personalized diagnostic and treatment approaches for COMISA. This review summarizes the available evidence of bi-directional relationships between COMISA, including epidemiological research, case studies, single-arm treatment studies, randomized controlled treatment trials, and objective sleep study data. This evidence is integrated into a conceptual model of COMISA to help refine the understanding of potential bi-directional causal relationships between the two disorders. This theoretical framework is essential to help guide future research, improve diagnostic tools, determine novel therapeutic targets, and guide tailored sequenced and multi-faceted treatment approaches for this common, complex, and debilitating condition.

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Bi-directional relationships between co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA)

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