BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated substantial therapeutic benefits for patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity. Their use has recently expanded rapidly across diverse patient populations. However, GLP-1 RA-associated changes in body composition and skin quality, including premature skin aging and alterations in body contour, may create functional and aesthetic concerns for patients. Effective strategies to address these visible and unwanted effects are needed.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the potential role of AP31, a novel multifunctional micropeptide, in mitigating skin-laxity effects relevant to patients treated with GLP-1 RAs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preclinical studies have evaluated the biological activity of AP31 across multiple aging-related end points, including inflammatory pathways, extracellular matrix integrity, and age-associated gene expression. In addition, clinical studies have assessed AP31-containing regimens in middle-aged women, with outcomes focused on visible markers of skin aging such as firmness, elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, facial contour, and structural support.
RESULTS: Preclinical investigations demonstrated that AP31 reduced proinflammatory markers, increased key extracellular matrix components, and favorably modulated genes associated with intrinsic skin aging. In clinical studies, AP31-containing regimens produced rapid and visible improvements in multiple parameters of skin aging, including enhanced firmness and elasticity, reduction in fine lines and wrinkles, improvement in jawline definition, global facial lift, and reduced prominence of nasolabial folds.
CONCLUSION: AP31 shows promising biological and clinical activity in improving visible signs of skin aging. While current findings are encouraging in the context of normal aging, randomized controlled trials are warranted to further establish the efficacy of AP31 for patients experiencing skin-related changes associated with GLP-1 RA use.
