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Abstract
Approximately 10% of the adult population is affected by chronic kidney disease.
- Chronic kidney disease is associated with long-term complications despite conventional management.
- Cycling exercise may enhance cardiopulmonary function and renal outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.
- Conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of cycling exercise compared to usual care.
- A systematic review will analyze randomized controlled trials comparing cycling exercise and usual care.
- Risk of bias in the included studies will be evaluated to ensure the reliability of findings.
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