A comparative study on dietary diversity and gut microbial diversity in children with autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, their neurotypical siblings, and non‐related neurotypical volunteers: a cross‐sectional study

Ninety-eight subjects were included in the study, revealing significant differences in gut microbial diversity between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non-related neurotypical controls.

• Children with ASD showed lower gut microbial diversity compared to non-related neurotypical controls.
• Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in alpha-diversity indices among the groups.
• No significant differences in dietary diversity were observed across the groups.
• The findings suggest distinct microbiome profiles associated with ASD, which may be influenced by co-occurring ADHD.
• Controlling for dietary factors and other confounders is essential for future research on gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders.

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