Evening chronotype, late weekend sleep times and social jetlag as possible causes of sleep curtailment after maintaining perennial DST: ain’t they as black as they are painted?

Nov 9, 2019Chronobiology international

Evening preference, late weekend sleep, and social jetlag as possible reasons for shorter sleep after year-round daylight saving time: are they really that bad?

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Abstract

A very large amount of sleep is usually lost by evening types with later weekend sleep times and larger social jetlag.

Sleep loss due to advancing weekday wakeup times is independent of chronotype, weekend sleep times, and social jetlag.
Essential sleep loss occurs due to typical work and school schedules, affecting both evening and morning types.
The expected additional sleep loss from transitioning to perpetual Daylight Saving Time is relatively small compared to usual sleep losses.
Traditional calculations of sleep curtailment can yield contradictory results, such as larger losses associated with smaller social jetlag.

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People sleep less in response to setting social clocks earlier relative to the sun clocks. We proposed here a model-based approach for estimating sleep loss as the difference between weekend and weekday risetimes divided on the difference between weekend risetime and weekday bedtime. We compared this approach with a traditional approach to estimating sleep curtailment as the difference in weekly average sleep duration in two conditions. Weekday and weekend sleep times reported for 320 samples provided possibility of testing whether evening types with later weekend sleep times and larger social jetlag differ from morning types with earlier weekend sleep times and smaller social jetlag on amount of sleep lost (1) throughout the week and (2) in response to an advance of weekday wakeups, for instance, after the expected installation of perennial Daylight Saving Time (DST). We found that (1) an amount of sleep lost due to advancing shift of weekday wakeups depends upon neither chronotype nor weekend sleep times nor social jetlag, (2) a very large amount of sleep is usually lost by evening types with later weekend sleep times and larger social jetlag and (3) an essential sleep loss is caused by our usual work/school schedules, even in morning types with early weekend sleep times and small social jetlag. As compared to such permanent sleep losses experienced by any types, an additional loss due to switching from Standard Time (ST) to perennial DST are expected to be relatively small. We also found that the traditional way of calculation of sleep curtailment leads to paradoxical conclusions, such as (1) sleep loss is larger when social jetlag is smaller, not larger, (2) sleep loss is larger when weekend sleep times are earlier, not later, (3) despite 1-h difference between two student samples in weekday wakeups, their sleep losses can be identical.

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Evening chronotype, late weekend sleep times and social jetlag as possible causes of sleep curtailment after maintaining perennial DST: ain’t they as black as they are painted?

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