Exercise-induced, but not creatine-induced, decrease in intramyocellular lipid content improves insulin sensitivity in rats

Feb 22, 2011The Journal of nutritional biochemistry

Exercise, but not creatine, reduces muscle fat and improves insulin sensitivity in rats

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Abstract

Creatine supplementation in rats on a sucrose-rich diet may inhibit intramyocellular lipid accumulation and improve insulin sensitivity.

Whole-body glucose tolerance was reduced in rats fed a cafeteria diet and receiving creatine supplementation compared to those with exercise training.
Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was impaired in rats on the cafeteria diet without exercise training.
Intramyocellular lipid content was higher in cafeteria diet rats compared to those on a normal diet, but not in those that also underwent exercise training or received creatine.
FAT/CD36 protein content was approximately 40% lower in rats receiving creatine with the cafeteria diet compared to control and cafeteria diet-only groups.
Fecal fat content was 25% higher in creatine-supplemented rats than in control rats, indicating altered lipid absorption.

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The effect of creatine supplementation, alone or in combination with exercise training, on insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipid content (IMCL) and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 content was investigated in rats fed a sucrose-rich cafeteria diet during 12 weeks. Five experimental conditions were CON, receiving normal pellets; CAF, fed the cafeteria diet; CAF(TR), fed the cafeteria diet together with exercise training in weeks 8-12 and CAF(CR) and CAF(CRT) that were analogous to CAF and CAF(TR), respectively, but which received daily 2.5% of creatine monohydrate. During intravenous glucose tolerance test, compared with CON, whole-body glucose tolerance was reduced in CAF and CAF(CR) but not in CAF(TR) and CAF(CRT). Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in perfused red gastrocnemius muscles was impaired in CAF and CAF(CR) but not in the trained groups. IMCL content in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles was higher in CAF than in CON, but not in CAF(TR), CAF(CR) and CAF(CRT). Compared with CON and CAF, FAT/CD36 protein content in m. soleus, was ~40% lower in CAF(CR), CAF(TR) and CAF(CRT). The fraction of fecal fat, as determined in a 3-week post hoc study, was 25% higher in CAF(CR) than in CON. Moreover, in CAF(CR), triglyceride concentration in blood and liver were significantly lower than in CAF. It is concluded that creatine supplementation in rats on a cafeteria diet inhibits IMCL accumulation via inhibition of gastrointestinal lipid absorption together with lower muscle FAT/CD36 content. Furthermore, exercise-induced but not creatine-induced reduction of IMCL is associated with improved insulin action on glucose transport in muscle cells.

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Exercise-induced, but not creatine-induced, decrease in intramyocellular lipid content improves insulin sensitivity in rats

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