Effect of different exercise protocols on metabolic profiles and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-fed rats

Apr 14, 2015Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

How different exercise types affect muscle metabolism and fat use in rats on a high-fat diet

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Abstract

High-intensity interval exercise completely prevented obesity in male rats on a high-fat diet.

All exercise protocols led to reductions in body weight, fat content, serum triglycerides, and fasting glucose levels.
Only high-intensity interval exercise fully prevented obesity and related health issues.
Exercise increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which is linked to fat metabolism.
Rev-erbα expression, associated with lipid metabolism, was significantly elevated in the high-intensity interval exercise group.
Increased caloric expenditure from high-intensity interval exercise was greater than that from other exercise types.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of mild-intensity endurance, high-intensity interval, and concurrent exercise on preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity.

METHODS: Male rats were divided into five groups, control diet/sedentary group, high-fat diet/sedentary, high-fat diet/endurance exercise, high-fat diet/interval exercise (HI), and high-fat diet/concurrent exercise. All exercise groups were made to exercise for 10 weeks, with matched running distances. Body weight, fat content, blood metabolites, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and adipocyte and liver lipid droplet size were assessed, and the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes was quantified.

RESULTS: All exercise protocols reduced body weight, adiposity, serum triglycerides, and fasting glucose and also improved QUICKI to some extent. However, only HI prevented obesity and its associated pathologies completely. The expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 was elevated in all rats fed a high-fat diet whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) expression was increased with exercise. Rev-erbα expression was elevated only in the HI group, which also had the highest level of CPT1 expression.

CONCLUSIONS: The HI-induced increase in Rev-erbα and CPT1 expression was associated with the complete prevention of diet-induced obesity. Moreover, the increased caloric expenditure achieved with this protocol was preferential over other exercise regimens, and might be used to improve lipid metabolism.

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Effect of different exercise protocols on metabolic profiles and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-fed rats

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