Fasting changes daily rhythms in kidney cells to control glucose reabsorption through the Nrf1/Sglt2 pathway in mice

In mice, fasting uses proximal-tubule circadian machinery to reduce Sglt2-dependent kidney glucose reabsorption.

A mechanistic mouse study found that fasting-induced glucagon increases Bmal1 and Rev-erb alpha, repressing Nrf1, lowering Sglt2 expression, and reducing renal glucose reabsorption capacity.

The evidence is from mice and local kidney clock mechanisms, so it does not establish the same fasting-refeeding control in humans.