Feeding- and Light-Cycle Synergistically Regulate Mouse Blood Pressure Daily Rhythm via Bmal1-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms

Combining rhythmic light and rhythmic feeding partially restored the daily blood pressure rhythm in arrhythmic mice.

• Rhythmic feeding alone reinstated the rhythms of respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure, even without rhythmic light.
• The daily rhythms of heart rate and locomotor activity were partially restored only when both rhythmic light and feeding were applied together.
• Rhythmic light did not restore the light-dark phase differences in baroreflex sensitivity, urinary norepinephrine excretion, or heart rate variability.
• Rhythmic feeding, either alone or in combination with rhythmic light, successfully reinstated the light-dark phase differences in those parameters.

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