New Perspectives on Gastric Inflammaging: Integrating Multi-Omics Mechanisms and Gerotherapeutic Strategies in Chronic Gastritis

Dec 16, 2025Aging and disease

New Insights into Age-Related Stomach Inflammation: Combining Biological Data and Anti-Aging Treatments in Chronic Gastritis

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Longevity & Aging on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Chronic gastritis (CG) is associated with age-related inflammation and is a precursor to gastric cancer in older adults.

Chronic, low-grade inflammation combined with aging biology may drive mucosal degeneration and malignant transformation in the stomach.
Key features of aging, such as cellular aging and mitochondrial dysfunction, could contribute to the inflammatory environment in chronic gastritis.
Single-cell and spatial multi-omics studies have identified specific inflammatory niches related to disease progression and cancer risk.
Therapeutic strategies, including targeting senescence and inflammation pathways, may offer new approaches for managing chronic gastritis and improving healthspan.
A redefined understanding of chronic gastritis as a model of organ-specific aging may support the development of personalized health interventions.

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Chronic gastritis (CG) is a highly prevalent, age-associated inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa and a key precursor of gastric cancer in older adults. Beyond Helicobacter pylori infection and environmental insults, accumulating evidence indicates that chronic, low-grade inflammation coupled with aging biology, "gastric inflammaging", plays a central role in driving mucosal degeneration, atrophy, and malignant transformation. Here, we synthesize current mechanistic and multi-omics evidence to conceptualize CG as a tractable model of organ-specific inflammaging. We first summarize how hallmarks of aging-including cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, immune exhaustion, and microbiome dysbiosis-converge to create a self-perpetuating inflammatory microenvironment in the stomach. We then review emerging single-cell and spatial multi-omics studies that delineate senescence-inflammation niches and reveal how these molecular neighborhoods relate to disease stage and cancer risk. Finally, we discuss therapeutic implications, highlighting geroscience-guided interventions such as senolytics/senomorphics, inflammasome and cGAS-STING pathway modulators, microbiota- and metabolite-targeted strategies, lifestyle interventions, and natural products, and propose a precision framework linking inflammaging biomarkers to patient stratification and clinical endpoints. Reframing CG as a gastric inflammaging model may provide a prototype for organ-specific healthy aging strategies and near-term gerotherapeutic trials aimed at extending healthspan.

New Perspectives on Gastric Inflammaging: Integrating Multi-Omics Mechanisms and Gerotherapeutic Strategies in Chronic Gastritis

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