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How once-weekly GLP-1 drugs work in type 2 diabetes
Updated
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may provide multi-factorial clinical benefits for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
- GLP-1 RAs lower blood glucose through mechanisms such as enhancing insulin secretion and reducing glucagon release.
- These medications can slow gastric emptying and promote feelings of fullness.
- GLP-1 RAs may have positive effects on cardiovascular and renal health due to the presence of GLP-1 receptors in these organ systems.
- Variations in the molecular size, structure, and duration of action among individual GLP-1 RAs lead to differences in their pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes.
- Pharmacists play a key role in medication management and should consider the specific mechanisms of action when advising on GLP-1 RA treatments.
Simplified
Key numbers
−2.0 to −7.9 kg
Weight Reduction Range (Semaglutide)
Average body weight reductions in clinical studies with semaglutide.
−1.4 to −4.1 kg
Weight Reduction Range (Exenatide ER)
Average body weight reductions in clinical studies with exenatide ER.
26%
Risk Reduction in MACE (Semaglutide)
Reduced risk of MACE in high-risk T2D patients treated with semaglutide.