Blood Sugar Control, Weight Changes, and Safety of Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Treatments
Updated
Abstract
Once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may lower A1c levels and promote weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
- GLP-1 RAs stimulate insulin secretion, slow gastric emptying, and enhance feelings of fullness.
- These medications have been associated with reductions in weight, blood pressure, and glucose level fluctuations.
- Exenatide extended release and dulaglutide monotherapy show similar or superior reductions in A1c and weight compared to various oral antidiabetic drugs.
- Semaglutide demonstrates greater reductions in A1c and body weight compared to placebo and has advantages over exenatide ER and dulaglutide.
- Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common, while the risk of hypoglycemia is low, particularly when not combined with sulfonylureas or insulin.
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Funding
Competing interests
This supplement was funded by Novo Nordisk. Handelsman reports research grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Grifols, Janssen, Lexicon, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi; speaker fees from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and has served in advisory capacity to Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai, Intarcia, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Merck-Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Cannon reports speaker fees and owns stock in Novo Nordisk. Shannon reports consultant and speaker fees from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly Alliance. Schneider reports advisory board fees from Intarcia, Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. Wyne has nothing to disclose.
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